Precision surgery is defined as a novel concept and paradigm of best clinical practice with accurate decision-making and precise application of appropriate surgical intervention approaches for the individual and group with specific diseases, achieving a balance between the three factors of lesion clearance, organ preservation, and damage control, and actualizing safe, efficient, minimally invasive multi-objective optimization, thereby maximizing health benefits for patients and their families.

Developed through decades of applying modern technology in hepatobiliary surgical practice, the paradigm integrates core technologies of visualization, quantification, and controllability to enhance determinacy, predictability, and controllability of surgical intervention, which has improved the outcomes of surgical treatment for complex hepatobiliary diseases.

In the new surgical era, we will make great progress in decoding life mechanisms and understanding the nature of disease, which will promote the research and development of intelligent technology in surgical practice. Consequently, intelligent technology is expected to bring modern surgery into the new realm, empowering surgeons with mastery over determinacy, predictability, and controllability in practice.