In this session we’ll discuss evaluation of innovation in surgery. We’ll hear from the lead authors of two trials published in The Lancet this year “Second asymptomatic carotid surgery trial (ACST-2): a randomised comparison of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy” and “Metabolic surgery versus conventional medical therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: 10-year follow-up of an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial”. You’ll hear from the authors, Richard Bulbulia, Alison Halliday, Geltrude Mingrone and Francesco Rubino respectively, about the trial design, barriers they faced and lessons learnt followed by a panel discussion and open Q&A to explore how we evaluate innovation chaired by Jessamy Bagenal from The Lancet.